of Millwall, London, the keel being laid down on. Great Eastern was built by Messrs Scott Russell & Co. About the ship, Brunel said "I have never embarked on any one thing to which I have so entirely devoted myself, and to which I have devoted so much time, thought and labour, on the success of which I have staked so much reputation." It was Brunel's final great project, and he collapsed from a stroke after being photographed on her deck, and died only ten days later, a mere four days after Great Eastern 's first sea trials. ![]() Unknown to Brunel, Russell was in financial difficulties. 1854–1859: Construction to launch Construction Ĭonstruction of Great Eastern, August 18, 1855īrunel entered into a partnership with John Scott Russell, an experienced naval architect and ship builder, to build Great Eastern. The James Watt Company would design the ship's screw, Professor Piazzi Smyth would design its gyroscopic equipment, and Russell himself would build the hull and paddle wheel. At Scott Russell's suggestion, they approached the directors of the Eastern Steam Navigation Company with the new design plan. He calculated that it would have a displacement of 20,000 tons and would require 8,500 horsepower (6,300 kW) to achieve 14 knots (26 km/h 16 mph), but believed it was possible. Scott Russell examined Brunel's plan and made his own calculations as to the ship's feasibility. īrunel showed his idea to John Scott Russell, an experienced naval architect and ship builder whom he had first met at the Great Exhibition. Although Brunel had pioneered the screw propeller on a large scale with Great Britain, he did not believe that it was possible to build a single propeller and shaft (or, for that matter, a paddleshaft) that could transmit the required power to drive his giant ship at the required speed. Brunel realised that the ship would need more than one propulsion system since twin screws were still very much experimental, he settled on a combination of a single screw and paddle wheels, with auxiliary sail power. These measurements were six times larger by volume than any ship afloat such a large vessel would benefit from economies of scale and would be both fast and economical, requiring fewer crew than the equivalent tonnage made up of smaller ships. On 25 March 1852, Brunel made a sketch of a steamship in his diary and wrote beneath it: "Say 600 ft x 65 ft x 30 ft" (180 m x 20 m x 9.1 m). Brunel saw the ship as being able to effectively monopolize trade with Asia and Australia, making regular trips between Britain and either Trincomalee or Australia. With a planned capacity of 15,000 tons of coal, Great Eastern was envisioned as being able to sail halfway around the world without taking on coal, while also carrying so much cargo and passengers that papers described her as a "floating city" and "the Crystal Palace of the sea". The famous photograph by Robert Howlett of Brunel before the ship's launching chainsĪfter his success in pioneering steam travel to North America with Great Western and Great Britain, Brunel turned his attention to a vessel capable of making longer voyages as far as Australia. Finishing her life as a floating music hall and advertising hoarding (for the department store Lewis's) in Liverpool, she was broken up on Merseyside in 1889. After repairs, she plied for several years as a passenger liner between Britain and North America before being converted to a cable-laying ship and laying the first lasting transatlantic telegraph cable in 1866. ![]() He died in 1859 shortly after her maiden voyage, during which she was damaged by an explosion. ![]() The vessel also had the largest set of paddle wheels.īrunel knew her affectionately as the "Great Babe". The ship's five funnels were rare and were later reduced to four. Her length of 692 feet (211 m) was surpassed only in 1899 by the 705-foot (215 m) 17,274-gross-ton RMS Oceanic, her gross tonnage of 18,915 was only surpassed in 1901 by the 701-foot (214 m) 20,904-gross-ton RMS Celtic and her 4,000-passenger capacity was surpassed in 1913 by the 4,234-passenger SS Imperator. She was the largest ship ever built at the time of her 1858 launch, and had the capacity to carry 4,000 passengers from England to Australia without refuelling. at Millwall Iron Works on the River Thames, London. SS Great Eastern was an iron sail-powered, paddle wheel and screw-propelled steamship designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, and built by John Scott Russell & Co. Total power estimated at 8,000 hp (6,000 kW). ![]() No bigger ship in all respects until 1913.įour steam engines for the paddles and an additional engine for the propeller. Great Eastern at Heart's Content after laying the first transatlantic cable, July 1866
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